Spring Boot进阶详解

Spring Boot Actuator

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info,metrics
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: always

import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.Health;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.HealthIndicator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class CustomHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {
    @Override
    public Health health() {
        boolean serviceUp = checkService();
        if (serviceUp) {
            return Health.up().withDetail("service", "Running").build();
        }
        return Health.down().withDetail("service", "Not Running").build();
    }

    private boolean checkService() {
        return true;
    }
}

缓存配置

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@EnableCaching
@Service
public class CachedUserService {
    @Cacheable(value = "users", key = "#id")
    public User findById(Long id) {
        simulateSlowService();
        return userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
    }

    @CachePut(value = "users", key = "#user.id")
    public User updateUser(User user) {
        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    @CacheEvict(value = "users", key = "#id")
    public void deleteUser(Long id) {
        userRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
}

消息队列集成

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "myqueue";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "myexchange";

    @Bean
    public Queue myQueue() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_NAME, true);
    }

    @Bean
    public TopicExchange myExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding binding(Queue myQueue, TopicExchange myExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(myQueue).to(myExchange).with("myroutingkey");
    }
}

@Service
public class MessageProducer {
    private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public MessageProducer(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
        this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
    }

    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myexchange", "myroutingkey", message);
        System.out.println("发送消息: " + message);
    }
}

@Service
public class MessageConsumer {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "myqueue")
    public void receiveMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println("接收消息: " + message);
    }
}

定时任务

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@EnableScheduling
@EnableAsync
@Component
public class ScheduledTasks {
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
    public void reportCurrentTime() {
        System.out.println("当前时间: " + java.time.LocalTime.now());
    }

    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 12 * * ?")
    public void dailyTask() {
        System.out.println("每日定时任务执行");
    }

    @Async
    public void asyncTask() {
        System.out.println("异步任务执行，线程: " +
            Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

WebSocket配置

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.*;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
        config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
        config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
    }

    @Override
    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSockJS();
    }
}

@Controller
public class WebSocketController {
    @MessageMapping("/chat")
    @SendTo("/topic/messages")
    public ChatMessage handleMessage(ChatMessage message) {
        return message;
    }
}

测试

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

@SpringBootTest
public class UserServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @MockBean
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    public void testFindById() {
        User mockUser = new User(1L, "张三", "zhangsan@example.com");
        when(userRepository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(mockUser));

        User user = userService.findById(1L);

        assertNotNull(user);
        assertEquals("张三", user.getName());
    }
}

Spring Boot最佳实践

1. 使用Actuator监控应用健康状态
2. 合理配置缓存提高性能
3. 使用消息队列解耦系统
4. 利用定时任务处理周期性工作
5. 编写单元测试保证代码质量

总结

Spring Boot进阶特性让你的应用更加健壮和高效。Actuator、缓存、消息队列等是构建企业级应用的重要工具。