CI/CD流水线实战

CI/CD（持续集成/持续交付）是现代软件开发的核心实践，通过自动化流程保障代码质量和交付效率。

CI/CD核心流程

代码提交 → 自动构建 → 单元测试 → 代码扫描 → 集成测试 → 制品构建 → 部署预发 → 生产发布

Maven自动化构建

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
            <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.8.10</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
                </execution>
                <execution>
                    <id>report</id>
                    <phase>test</phase>
                    <goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

GitLab CI示例

# .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - build
  - test
  - quality
  - package
  - deploy

variables:
  MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=.m2/repository"

cache:
  key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}
  paths:
    - .m2/repository

build:
  stage: build
  script:
    - mvn compile -B
  only:
    - merge_requests
    - main

unit-test:
  stage: test
  script:
    - mvn test -B
  coverage: '/Code coverage: \d+\.\d+/'
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit:
        - target/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml

sonar-check:
  stage: quality
  script:
    - mvn sonar:sonar -Dsonar.qualitygate.wait=true

package:
  stage: package
  script:
    - mvn package -DskipTests -B
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - target/*.jar

deploy-staging:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - kubectl set image deployment/app app=registry.example.com/app:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
  environment:
    name: staging
  only:
    - main

流水线阶段设计

并行测试

test-unit:
  stage: test
  script: mvn test -B -Dtest=UnitTests

test-integration:
  stage: test
  script: mvn test -B -Dtest=IntegrationTests
  services:
    - name: mysql:8.0
      alias: test-db
  variables:
    DB_HOST: test-db

制品版本管理

#!/bin/bash
# 版本号策略：语义化版本 + Git SHA
VERSION=$(mvn help:evaluate -Dexpression=project.version -q -DforceStdout)
GIT_SHA=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
docker build -t registry.example.com/app:${VERSION}-${GIT_SHA} .

小结

CI/CD自动化流程是团队协作和快速交付的基石，合理的流水线设计能显著提升研发效能。